Volcanoes have long been both awe-inspiring and devastating natural phenomena. Their eruptions can c
Introduction Volcanoes have long been both awe-inspiring and devastating natural phenomena. Their eruptions can cause catastrophic loss of life, environmental destruction, and economic upheaval. As climate change and urban expansion increase vulnerability, the role of advanced digital tools in understanding and predicting volcanic activity has become more critical than ever. The Evolution of Volcano Monitoring…

